Controlled trialMild cleansing · syndet vs soap
Soap vs synthetic detergent (syndet) washing
Controlled crossover · 10 adults · consecutive 4-week periods
Skin pH was higher with soap (p<0.01) and propionibacteria counts rose markedly, showing how cleanser pH shifts skin flora.
Korting HC et al. Acta Derm Venereol 1987;67(1):41–47 · PMID 2436413 ↗
Randomised controlled trialMild cleansing · infants
Alkaline soap vs syndets vs water
Open, randomised, controlled · 40 infants
Alkaline soap raised skin pH most (+0.45 vs +0.19 for water) and removed the most surface lipid; syndets were gentler.
Gfatter R et al. Dermatology 1997;195(3):258–262 · PMID 9407174 ↗
Randomised controlled trialGentle wash · newborn barrier
Baby wash vs water only
Assessor-blinded, randomised non-inferiority · 307 newborns · 14–28 days
The wash was non-inferior to water on TEWL (12.8 vs 12.5 g/m²/h) and gave higher skin hydration (p=0.022).
Lavender T et al. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2013;42(2):203–214 · PMID 23421327 ↗
Randomised controlled trialWash routine · atopic skin
Frequent bathing + emollient vs infrequent bathing
Randomised, single-blind crossover · 42 children · 2 × 2 weeks
Eczema severity (SCORAD) fell by 21 points more with frequent bathing followed by moisturiser.
Cardona ID et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020;8(3):1014–1021 · PMID 31733336 ↗
Randomised controlled trialDry skin · glycerin vs urea
Glycerin cream vs urea-saline cream
Randomised, double-blind · 197 adults with atopic dermatitis · 30 days
Both relieved dryness equally; the glycerin cream caused less stinging (10% vs 24% moderate–severe).
Lodén M et al. Acta Derm Venereol 2002;82(1):45–47 · PMID 12013198 ↗
Controlled trialDry skin · body lotion
Glyceryl glucoside, NMF and ceramide lotion vs vehicle
Double-blind, vehicle-controlled studies · 169 adults · 2 weeks
Hydration rose and TEWL fell significantly vs vehicle and untreated skin; the richer lotion still moisturised 6 days after stopping.
Weber TM et al. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2012;5(8):29–39 · PMID 22916312 ↗
Randomised controlled trialHydration · glycerin
20% glycerol emollient vs vehicle
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised · 24 adults with atopic dermatitis · 4 weeks
Skin hydration rose vs vehicle from week 1 (p<0.0001) and barrier function (TEWL) improved by week 4.
Breternitz M et al. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2008;21(1):39–45 · PMID 18025807 ↗
Randomised controlled trialBarrier · ceramides
Ceramide cream vs hydrophilic cream, split-body
Double-blind, randomised · 24 adults with dry skin · 28 days + 7-day follow-up
Better hydration, lower TEWL and improved skin pH at every time point, maintained 7 days after stopping.
Lueangarun S et al. Dermatol Ther 2019;32(6):e13090 · PMID 31585489 ↗
Controlled trialFragrance · mood
Ambient orange or lavender scent vs music vs control
Controlled four-group trial · 200 adults
Both scents lowered anxiety and improved mood compared with no scent.
Lehrner J et al. Physiol Behav 2005;86(1–2):92–95 · PMID 16095639 ↗
These are published studies on ingredients, methods and routines, not on products we have made. A finished product needs its own testing before a claim goes on pack, and we design that study with you. See the full evidence library