Randomised controlled trialAnti-ageing · retinol
0.4% retinol lotion vs vehicle
Randomised, double-blind, vehicle-controlled · 36 older adults · 24 weeks
Fine wrinkling improved significantly vs vehicle (score change −1.64 vs −0.08, P<.001), with increased glycosaminoglycans and procollagen I.
Kafi R et al. Arch Dermatol 2007;143(5):606–612 · PMID 17515510 ↗
Randomised controlled trialAnti-ageing · niacinamide
5% niacinamide vs vehicle, split-face
Double-blind, split-face · 50 women · 12 weeks
Significant reductions in fine lines, wrinkles, spots, red blotchiness and sallowness, and improved elasticity, vs the vehicle side.
Bissett DL et al. Dermatol Surg 2005;31(7 Pt 2):860–865 · PMID 16029679 ↗
Randomised controlled trialAnti-ageing · vitamin C
5% vitamin C cream vs vehicle
Double-blind, randomised, split-site · 20 women · 6 months
Clinical photoageing score improved from 6.7 to 4.4 on the treated side, with denser skin microrelief and fewer deep furrows.
Humbert PG et al. Exp Dermatol 2003;12(3):237–244 · PMID 12823436 ↗
Randomised controlled trialAnti-ageing · bakuchiol
0.5% bakuchiol vs 0.5% retinol
Randomised, double-blind · 44 adults · 12 weeks
Both reduced wrinkle area and hyperpigmentation with no significant difference; bakuchiol caused less scaling and stinging.
Dhaliwal S et al. Br J Dermatol 2019;180(2):289–296 · PMID 29947134 ↗
Randomised controlled trialHydration · hyaluronic acid
0.1% hyaluronic acid creams (50–2000 kDa) vs vehicle
Randomised, controlled, intra-individual · 76 women · 60 days
All molecular weights improved hydration and elasticity vs vehicle; the low weights (50 and 130 kDa) also reduced wrinkle depth.
Pavicic T et al. J Drugs Dermatol 2011;10(9):990–1000 · PMID 22052267 ↗
Randomised controlled trialPhotoageing · daily sunscreen
Daily broad-spectrum SPF 15+ vs discretionary use
Randomised community trial, blinded assessment · 903 adults · 4.5 years
Daily users showed 24% less skin ageing (relative odds 0.76) than discretionary users.
Hughes MC et al. Ann Intern Med 2013;158(11):781–790 · PMID 23732711 ↗
These are published studies on ingredients, methods and routines, not on products we have made. A finished product needs its own testing before a claim goes on pack, and we design that study with you. See the full evidence library